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Hospital harm is everyone’s concern

The latest data from the Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI) highlight urgency of improving patient safety.

1 in 17 hospital stays in 2023-24 involved unintended harm. Specifically, CIHI’s Hospital Harm measure shows that the rate of potentially preventable harm to patients in Canadian hospitals remained at 6 per 100 hospitalizations, higher for the fourth year in a row. Harm rates were mainly driven by healthcare- and medication-associated conditions and healthcare-associated infections.

The reflects hospitalizations with at least one occurrence of potentially preventable harm — harm that could be prevented with the use of known, evidence-based practices.

Patient harm in Canadian hospitals? It does happen. Hospitals are generally safe, but sometimes harmful events happen that affect patients. Many of these events are preventable. How often does it happen? In 2021–2022, 1 in 17 hospital stays in Canada involved at least one harmful event (a total of 140,000 out of 2.4 million hospital stays). What kinds of harmful events happen? There are 4 categories of harmful events. In 2021–2022, 47% were related to health care and medications (like bed sores or getting the wrong medicine); 31% were related to infections (like surgical site infections); 18% were procedure-related (like bleeding after surgery); and 4% were patient accidents (like falls). What can be done about this? We are collecting data on how often these events are happening, using a new hospital harm measure. And we are providing information on how these events can be prevented.   Note that all numbers mentioned here exclude Quebec and selected mental health diagnoses. Copyright 2022 Canadian Institute for Health Information, ÈÕ±¾ÎÞÂë

Patient harm in Canadian hospitals? It does happen. Hospitals are generally safe, but sometimes harmful events happen that affect patients. Many of these events are preventable. How often does it happen? In 2021–2022, 1 in 17 hospital stays in Canada involved at least one harmful event (a total of 140,000 out of 2.4 million hospital stays). What kinds of harmful events happen? There are 4 categories of harmful events. In 2021–2022, 47% were related to health care and medications (like bed sores or getting the wrong medicine); 31% were related to infections (like surgical site infections); 18% were procedure-related (like bleeding after surgery); and 4% were patient accidents (like falls). What can be done about this? We are collecting data on how often these events are happening, using a new hospital harm measure. And we are providing information on how these events can be prevented.   Note that all numbers mentioned here exclude Quebec and selected mental health diagnoses. Copyright 2022 Canadian Institute for Health Information, ÈÕ±¾ÎÞÂë

Denise McCuaig, Executive Director at ÈÕ±¾ÎÞÂë, highlights the importance of person-centred care, effective communication, and creating safe, equitable spaces to reduce harm and improve patient safety.

Read the blog

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Canadian Patient Safety Week 2024

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Hospital Harm Measure

The collaboration between the and ÈÕ±¾ÎÞÂë on hospital harm is aimed at answering the question, "How often do patients experience harm in hospital?"

This initiative uses administrative data to develop a patient safety measure for inpatient care.Ìý

There are three outputs from this collaboration.

  1. Ìý
  2. Hospital Harm Improvement ResourceÌý

What is the Hospital Harm Measure?

Hospital harm captured by this indicator is defined as the rate of acute care hospitalizations with at least one occurrence of unintended harm during a hospital stay that could have been potentially prevented by implementing known evidence-informed practices.ÌýWhile not all instances of harm captured by this indicator can be prevented, adoption of evidence-informed practices can help to reduce the rate of harm.

Harm is captured only when it:Ìý

  • Is identified as having occurred after admission and within the same hospital stay;Ìý
  • Requires treatment, alters treatment or prolongs the hospital stay; andÌý
  • Is one of the conditions from the 31 clinical groups in the Hospital Harm FrameworkÌý

The Hospital Harm Measure is intended to monitor variations in patient safety in inpatient acute care settings at the national level across facilities over time.ÌýIt is designed to help identify patient safety improvement opportunities in hospitals.

Results for categories and types of harm, aggregated at the national level (outside of Quebec), can be found in .

Hospital Harm Improvement ResourceÌý

ÈÕ±¾ÎÞÂë has developed the Hospital Harm Improvement Resource – a compilation of resources to support patient safety and improvement efforts.ÌýÌý

Access NowÌý

Analytical ReportÌý

This analytical report, , shares the approach to measuring hospital harm, provides an overview of the status of these patient safety events in Canada (outside of Quebec ¹) and identifies how the data and associated improvement resource can be used for ongoing improvement.Ìý

The report includes:Ìý

  • An overview of the status of patient safety in CanadaÌý
  • The number and types of harmful eventsÌý
  • The types of patients and their outcomesÌý
  • Information on how measurement can be used for improvementÌý

¹ Data from Quebec as well as data for some mental health patients has been excluded due to differences in data collection.

CIHI has also worked with stakeholders to further refine the methodology used to calculate hospital harm. The most current methodology can be found in .